Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa

Abstract

Critical thinking is one of the essential competencies that needs to be developed in Islamic Religious Education (PAI), so that students not only memorize religious material but are also able to understand, analyze, and make rational decisions regarding religious issues in daily life. However, the practice of PAI learning in many schools is still dominated by lecturing and memorization methods that tend to position students as passive recipients of information. This article aims to examine the development of a PAI learning model based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) as an effort to improve students' critical thinking skills. This study uses a library research approach by reviewing and synthesizing findings from previous studies discussing the implementation of PBL in PAI learning at the primary and secondary education levels. The results show that the implementation of the PBL model consistently has a positive impact on improving students' critical thinking skills, active engagement in discussions, and contextual understanding of religious values. The PBL model developed for PAI learning covers the stages of problem orientation, organizing students, individual and group investigation, developing and presenting artifacts, and analyzing and evaluating the problem-solving process, all of which are integrated with the values of aqidah, worship, and akhlaq. This study recommends that PAI teachers implement PBL gradually while considering student readiness and time allocation, and that further Research and Development (R&D) is needed to produce an empirically tested PBL model for PAI at various levels of education.